滞期费(Demurrage)：在航次租船合同中，当船舶装货或卸货延期超过装卸货时间时，由租船人向船东所支付的约定款项。 在英国，滞期费被认为是约定性损害赔偿(liquidated damages)，而在美国，滞期费被认为是延期运费(extended freight)。 滞期费率通常在租船合同中约定，为每天多少金额。
有些合同规定，超过一定的滞期时间后则必须支付额外滞期费或者船期损失。大部分合同会规定，只要滞期费发生，船舶就处于滞期状态（On demurrage）。一旦船舶处于滞期状态，在计算滞期费时就不再减去周末这样的除外时间，所以有这样的说法：一旦滞期，永远滞期（Once on demurrage，always on demurrage）。
闫鹏和律师（Harvey YAN），中银律所总所高级合伙人（北京），毕业于北京大学法学院，获得法学硕士学位，并先后在伦敦政治经济学院和帝国理工大学读完并购和经济课程。担任中国并购公会并购专家委员会委员，中国国际商会专家委员会委员，全国工商联法律维权律师团成员，曾被中国并购公会授予“最佳并购律师”荣誉称号，荣膺“2022品牌影响力·十大领军人物”。
闫鹏和律师不仅精通国内外投资并购法律政策和实务技能，而且拥有杰出的商业智慧和经济头脑，兼有深厚资源和全球视野，服务过众多知名客户和有影响力的大型项目，擅长处理综合性疑难交易和重大复杂案件，拥有十分良好的口碑和信誉，是深受欢迎的法商融合专家型律师。
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匿名Posted on9:14 上午 - 4月 1, 2022
https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=4e19b37b-8967-4ee4-b17f-ffbc3023c9ec#:~:text=A%20familiar%20maxim%20in%20English%20maritime%20law%20is,demurrage%20permanently%20until%20completion%20of%20loading%20or%20discharge. How to Avoid Huge Demurrage Invoices: A Practical Note for Charterers
匿名Posted on9:12 上午 - 4月 1, 2022
Avoiding Demurrage in English law
The purpose of demurrage is to compensate the owner for detaining its vessel beyond the contractually agreed period for loading and discharge, known as “laytime” or “lay days”. A familiar maxim in English maritime law is ‘once on demurrage, always on demurrage’, meaning once the laytime has expired, the vessel is, usually, on demurrage permanently until completion of loading or discharge. It follows that the starting point for a charterer is to try to agree laytime that allows for a margin of delay and anticipates possible causes of delay.
After the laytime has expired and demurrage commences, a charterer can avoid demurrage under English law in one of two ways. Firstly, at the negotiation of the charterparty terms, the parties can expressly agree to exclude demurrage in defined circumstances by inserting an appropriate clause. Secondly, at common law the charterer can avoid demurrage where the owner, or those for whom he is responsible, is at fault for the delay.
This article focuses on avoidance of demurrage by reliance on an exclusion clause. However, with respect to fault-based avoidance, the general rule in English law is that it is implied that a party is not entitled to benefit from its own wrongdoing. It follows that a ship owner cannot seek demurrage for delay to loading or discharge operations for which it is at fault. Determining the presence of fault is fact-sensitive but guidance can be found in a significant body of English case law.